保险基础Basics
美国人寿保险就四类，一次分清The Four Types of Life Insurance
没有最好的类型，只有匹配不匹配。There is no “best” type — only the right match.
Term 定期寿险
纯保障，保20或30年，保费最便宜。适合预算有限但责任重的家庭：房贷在身、孩子还小。责任期过了，保障使命也就完成了。
Whole Life 终身寿险
保终身，保费固定，现金价值按保证利率稳步累积。贵，但确定性最高，适合追求"每一个数字都写死在合同里"的家庭。
UL 万能寿险
缴费和保额可调的终身险。灵活是双刃剑：缴得随意，保单可能在后期悄悄失效，需要定期检视。
IUL 指数万能寿险
现金价值按挂钩指数的规则记息——通常有下限保护、也有上限封顶。结构最复杂，最需要在买之前把演示表的保证栏和假设栏都看懂。
一句话决策
预算有限时，先用 term 把保障做足，通常优先于"既要保障又要理财"。人寿保险的首要功能是保障；若拿它与纯投资工具直接比较收益，容易忽略保障本身的成本。
Term Life
Pure protection for 20 or 30 years at the lowest cost. Ideal for families with heavy responsibilities and limited budgets — a mortgage, young kids. When the responsibility window closes, its job is done.
Whole Life
Lifetime coverage, fixed premiums, cash value growing at guaranteed rates. Expensive but maximally certain — for families who want every number written into the contract.
Universal Life
A permanent policy with flexible premiums and face amounts. Flexibility cuts both ways: fund it casually and it can quietly lapse later. Needs regular review.
Indexed Universal Life
Cash value is credited by index-linked rules — typically with a floor and a cap. The most complex structure of the four; understand both the guaranteed and assumed columns of the illustration before buying.
The One-Line Rule
On a tight budget, secure full protection with term first — generally ahead of “protection plus investment.” The primary function of life insurance is protection; comparing it head-to-head with pure investment vehicles on return tends to obscure the cost of the protection itself.
相关阅读：Related reading:
生前福利到底是什么？What Are Living Benefits?401(k)、IRA、Roth：三类账户如何区分401(k) vs IRA vs Roth, in Plain English新移民第一年：9 件优先处理的财务事项Your First Year: 9 Financial Priorities社安金：问得最多的六个问题Social Security: The Six Big Questions子女教育金：529、保险、普通账户College Funding: 529, Insurance, or Brokerage该买多少保额：三种算法How Much Coverage: Three Ways to Size It受益人怎么填：最容易出错的一页Naming Beneficiaries: The Page People Get Wrong从递交到出保单：核保到底在查什么From Application to Policy: What Underwriting Actually Checks保单为什么会失效：年报要看的六栏Why Policies Lapse: Six Lines on Your Annual Statement ← 返回知识库← Back to Knowledge先把数字算清楚，再谈方案Establish the Numbers First
一次免费的家庭需求分析，或一次免费的保单体检。约60分钟，你会拿到一份书面小结——是否需要配置产品，由你判断。A complimentary family needs analysis or policy review. About sixty minutes, and you leave with a written summary. Whether any product is warranted is your decision.
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